天才筛选与运动导向:德国二年级儿童运动表现能力对青少年足球运动员早期成功的影响
Talent Selection and Sports Orientation: The Impact of German Second-Year Children's Athletic Performance on the Early Success of the Junior Football Player
投稿时间:2019-03-01  
DOI:
中文关键词:足球  富尔达运动表现能力测试  人才筛选  足球推荐得分
英文关键词:football  Fulda Movement Check  talent screening & selection  football recommendation score
基金项目:
作者单位E-mail
Andreas Hohmann(德国) 德国拜罗伊特大学 运动科学学院 andreas.hohmann@uni-bayreuth.de 
何人也 杭州师范大学 体育与健康学院 herenye001@163.com 
Maximilian Siener(德国) 德国拜罗伊特大学 运动科学学院  
梁亚普 德国拜罗伊特大学 运动科学学院  
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中文摘要:
      足球是世界第一运动,在德国拥有广泛的群众基础,那么如何有效地对足球运动员进行科学合理的筛选就成为了一项重要的课题。本文由德国拜罗伊特大学体育系运动训练科学小组完成,目的是为了揭示足球人才在一般运动测试中所表现的中期预后有效性以及从实验结果计算出的足球特定表现分数。在此之前已经对包括体操、滑雪和网球在内的几项人才筛选计划实施了运动诊断分析。然而,与大多数其他运动相比,足球运动对这种早期测试的预测价值尚不清楚。测试对象由参与德国富尔达地区运动表现能力测试(FMC)的U9二年级儿童组成(N=2 965)。FMC是一个对测试者基础运动表现能力的筛查,由两个人体测量学特征参数和德国运动能力表现测试(GMT6-18)的8个测试项目组成,并增加了一个投掷球测试。测试数据来自2011-2014年在德国富尔达地区参与测试的所有儿童,并记录了至2016-2017赛季结束时(2017年9月30日)选择足球(N=316)的儿童的足球比赛表现水平。然后依据比赛表现水平的高低将球员分别分配到4个不同的表现级别中,并使用ANOVA,比值比和判别分析法确定运动测试的预后有效性,并将测试结果与测试儿童在U12~U15年龄段所表现出的足球运动表现水平进行分析,最终得出9项基础运动测试的预后相关性。
英文摘要:
      Soccer is the No. 1 sport in the world and is widely accepted by the populace in Germany. Therefore, how to select football players scientifically and reasonably has become an important topic. This study completed by the Sports Training Science Team from the Department of Physical Education, Bayreuth University, Germany, aims to reveal the effectiveness of the mid-term prognosis of football talents in general motor tests and the football performance score obtained from the experiment. The motor diagnostic analysis has been conducted for talent screening and selection programs before, including gymnastics, skiing and tennis. However, compared with most other sports, the predictive value for soccer regarding such early testing is still uncertain. The subjects of this study were Grade 2 U9 children (N = 2 965) who participated in the Fulda Movement Check (FMC) in Germany. FMC is a screening method to test the basic athletic ability of the subjects. It consists of two anthropometric parameters and eight general items of the German Motor Test (GMT6-18) with the addition of a ball throw test. The test data was collected from all children who participated in the test in Fulda, Germany from 2011 to 2014, and the football competition performance of the children who chose football (N=316) up to the end of the 2016-2017 season (September 30, 2017)was recorded. The players were then assigned individually to four different competition levels on the basis of their performance. The prognostic validity of the motor tests was determined by using the methods of ANOVA, odds ratio, and a discriminant analysis. And the test results were compared with the football performance of the children in their U12~U15 ages. Finally, the prognostic relevance of the 9 general motor tests was confirmed.
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