线粒体可塑性与运动健康适应的关系

Mitochondrial plasticity and exercise-induced health adaptation

DOI：

英文关键词:exercise mitochondrial plasticity health adaptation

基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31110103919、81370454、31071040、30871214、30771048、30470837）天津市科技创新体系创新平台计划专项（10KJPT024）

作者	单位
张子怡	天津体育学院天津市运动生理与运动医学重点实验室，健康与运动科学系
张竞文	天津体育学院天津市运动生理与运动医学重点实验室，健康与运动科学系
丁虎	天津体育学院天津市运动生理与运动医学重点实验室，健康与运动科学系

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中文摘要:

长期的耐力训练或运动不仅能够提高运动能力，还能促进身体健康，减少慢性疾病的发病几率，但具体机制还不清楚。骨骼肌对耐力运动的健康适应表现为增加肌糖原含量和胰岛素敏感性、氧化型肌纤维的转化以及提高线粒体的数量与功能。线粒体的形态结构、数量和质量，具有高度的可塑性，各种生理应激都能充分的调节线粒体的可塑性。运动训练不仅刺激肌细胞线粒体的生物合成，还通过线粒体分裂和融合对线粒体网状结构进行重塑，并且通过线粒体质量控制清除旧的、受损的或功能失调的线粒体。研究线粒体可塑性与运动适应动态变化中的作用，从线粒体形态、结构和动力重构角度出发，了解线粒体和能量代谢的关系，为代谢疾病、退行性疾病寻找明确的靶标提供一定的理论基础。

英文摘要:

Long-term endurance training or physical activity can not only improve physical performance, but also bring an beneficial effect to human health and reduce the risk of being infected with chronic diseases. However, the mechanism of this effect is not clear. The health adaptation of skeletal muscle response to endurance exercise can be seen in the increase of muscle glycogen, insulin sensitivity, fiber type transformation of oxidative myofibers and mitochondrial content/function. The morphology, quantity and quality of mitochondria have a high degree of plasticity. Different physiological stress may fully regulate the plasticity of mitochondria. Exercise can not only stimulate the biosynthesis of muscle cell mitochondria, but also reshape the mitochondrial network through mitochondrial fission/fusion. It removes old, damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria through mitochondrial quality control. From the aspects of the morphology and structure of mitochondria and dynamic remodeling, the studies on the role of mitochondrial plasticity in exercise adaptation aim to understand the relationship between mitochondria and cellular energy metabolism so as to provide a theoretical basis for uncovering a clear target in dealing with metabolic diseases and degenerative diseases.

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