武舞缘起的人类学假设院中国武戏程式语境下的美洲印第安俳舞（Pow-wow）仪式

Anthropological Hypothesis of the Origin of the Chinese Martial Dance: American Indian Pow-wow Rituals within the Context of the Chinese Opera Martial Dance Performing Formality

DOI：

中文关键词:武舞武戏表演程式印第安人俳舞人类学

英文关键词:martial dance performing formality of the Chinese opera martial dance American Indian pow-wow anthropology

基金项目:北京市属高等学校教师队伍建设专项培训2014年中青年教师一般国外访问学者研修培训项目（067145301400）

作者	单位	E-mail
黄金葵	首都体育学院管理与传播学院	hjkhwj@126.com

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中文摘要:

采用文献资料法和田野调查法对中国武戏表演程式与美国印第安人的俳舞（Pow-wow）仪式之间的文化渊源进行探究。结果发现印第安俳舞仪式从肢体动作编排到化妆服饰均与中国武戏在表演程式的形态上存在相似关联，主要体现为行当分类、龙套仪式以及行头装饰等。分析认为，中国武戏中的程式表演并非随剧情需要而人为地临时起意任意设计，而极有可能因袭了人类原始部落时代的武舞表演仪式，在历代的传承与发展中不断精致化。结论指出，中国武戏表演程式充分体现了与人类远古武舞仪式之间的微妙渊源，并自觉延续构建了以文化象征主义为特征的东方演艺范式体系。

英文摘要:

By the methods of literature study and field investigation, this paper explores the cultural relevance between the American Indian pow-wow rituals and the martial dance performing formality of Chinese operas. It finds out that the Indian pow-wow performance shares many similarities with the Chinese opera martial dance performing formality from body movement design to make-up and costumes, which can be seen in the classification of the actors and actresses, walk-on rituals and outfit decoration. Analysis shows that the Chinese opera martial dance performing formality is not improvised arbitrarily with plots, but is probably originated from the primitive rituals of tribal martial dancing performance and gradually evolved into the elaborative shows today. The paper concludes that the Chinese opera martial dance performing formality fully reflects the relevance with the ancient tribal martial dance rituals and consciously constructs an oriental performing paradigm, which is characterized by cultural symbolism.

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