高水平青年男子足球运动员赛前热身活动

A Quantitative Study on Pre-match Warm-up Load of Elite Male Football Players

投稿时间：2019-06-30

DOI：

英文关键词:football warm-up load intensity distance covered

基金项目:国家社会科学基金项目（19CTY014）

作者	单位	E-mail
徐丕同	山东鲁能泰山足球学校	442688299@qq.com
Paulo Henriques（葡萄牙）	山东鲁能泰山足球学校
赵硕	山东鲁能泰山足球学校
刘鸿优	华南师范大学体育科学学院华南师范大学运动科学国家级实验教学示范中心

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中文摘要:

采用可穿戴电子设备，对2019赛季“全国青少年男子足球超级联赛”19岁以下年龄组的一支参赛球队的24名青年运动员参加的8场正式比赛的赛前热身活动和比赛负荷进行量化分析。结果显示：（1）该运动队的赛前热身时间平均为（27.8±4.6） min，首发球员和替补球员在赛前热身活动中的各项负荷量化指标皆体现出极其显著的中等至非常大程度差异（P＜0.001，ES值介于0.72和3.17）；（2）首发且打满全场的运动员赛前热身活动的跑动总距离占比赛跑动总距离的18.6%±3.2%，加速度负荷总量占24.5%±4.1%，首发打满全场、首发被换下、替补45 min以上和替补未满45 min四组不同出场时间的运动员的赛前热身活动的各项负荷指标占比赛负荷指标的比重皆体现出显著性差异（P＜0.013，ηp2介于0.10和0.44）。研究认为，赛前热身活动的负荷量应该被计入比赛日的负荷总量，用于足球运动员的训练负荷管理与训练任务设计参照，且不同出场时间带来的负荷差异应该被纳入考量范围。

英文摘要:

A wearable electronic system was used to conduct a quantitative analysis on the pre-match warm-up load and the game load in 8 official competitions participated by 24 male players from a U19 team in the National Youth Super League during the 2019 season. Results showed that: (1) the average pre-match warm-up time of the team was (27.8±4.6) min. All the training load indicators of the starters and the substitutes in the warm-up activities showed differences from moderate to extremely significant (P＜0.001, ES value between 0.72 and 3.17); (2) The total distance covered and the total acceleration load in warm-up activities of the athletes who started and played the full game accounted for 18.6%±3.2% and 24.5%±4.1% of the whole; and the proportion of the warm-up training load out of the game load of starters who played the full game, of starters who were replaced, of players who were substitutes for more than 45 minutes and those who were substitutes for less than 45 minutes, all showed significant differences (P＜0.013, ηp2 between 0.10 and 0.44). The study holds that the training load of pre-match warm-up activities should be included in the total load on the match day, which is normally used for the reference of training load management and training task design for football players, and the difference caused by different playing time should be taken into consideration.

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