1985—2005年中国汉族学生身体形态特征的动态变化规律

Dynamic Variation Laws of the Body Shape Characteristics of Chinese Han Nationality Students in 1985 - 2005

投稿时间：2008-05-05

DOI：

英文关键词:Han nationality student body shape dynamic analysis

基金项目:中国教育部调研课题

作者	单位
《中国学生体质与健康调研》课题组执笔:张一民	北京体育大学运动人体科学学院
邢文华

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中文摘要:

在过去的二十余年间，关于学生体质研究较多集中在对不同调研年各地区学生体质现状的描述和比较研究，而针对学生体质水平（如身体形态等）发展规律或动态变化的研究相对较少。本研究以1985年全国学生体质调研数据为基础，重点选择1985年、1995年和2005年7～18岁中、小学生为研究对象，以身体形态指标为研究内容，在重点比较20年间中国学生身体形态生长发育水平和速度的变化的基础上，揭示中国学生身体形态生长发育规律的变化，为进一步改善我国学生体质状况和学校体育卫生工作提供理论依据。研究发现：（1）我国中小学生1985—2005年间，身高、体重和胸围均有不同程度的增长，生长水平表现出明显的长期趋势。但前10年（1985—1995年）和后10年（1995—2005年）相比，身高、体重和胸围增长值和增长速度呈现不同的特点，具体表现为身高“前快后慢”和体重“前慢后快”、胸围保持不变的特点，也就是说，我国学生长度生长水平的高峰期在今后可能速度会放慢，但是重量和围度生长的高峰期将会继续。（2）从1985年到2005年，我国城乡学生身体形态的生长速度具有整体加速、快速增长期提前和持续增长期延长的基本特点。（3）身高、体重和胸围的突增期在20年间没有明显改变。但是，城市和乡村男生胸围突增期延迟的问题要引起重视。

英文摘要:

In the past 20 years or so, the studies on students' physique have mainly focused on the description and comparison of students' physique in various areas, and less studies on the development law or dynamic variations of students' physique such as body shapes. This study, on the basis of the survey of the students' physique nationwide in 1985, selected the middle and elementary school students of 7 - 18 years old in 1985, 1995 and 2005 as the subjects and the body shape indices as the research content. Having compared the variations of the development level and speed of the students' body shapes in the 20 years, the article reveals the development law of the body shapes of the Chinese students so as to provide theoretical reference to the improvement of Chinese students' physique and school physical education and health work. The result of the study shows the following : (1)The height, weight and chest circumference of the students increased to some extent in 1985 - 2005. The level of the development shows a distinct long tendency. But compared with those in the former 10 years (1985 - 1995), the increase value and increase speed of the height, weight and chest circumference in the latter years (1995 - 2005) show the different characteristics. The height appears to be fast at first and slow later. The weight appears to be slow at first and fast later. The increase of the chest circumference remains the same. That is to say, the height development of the Chinese students may slow down in the years to come, but the peak periods of weight and chest circumference development will continue. (2)In the years of 1985 - 2005, the development speed of the Chinese students' body shapes is characterized by acceleration as a whole, earlier fast growth period and the extension of the continuous growth period. (3)There is no significant changes of the fast growth period of the height, weight and chest circumference in the 20 years. But attention must be paid to the delay of the fast growth period of the chest circumference of the male students in the urban and rural areas.

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