HRV和TRIMP在中长跑运动员亚高原训练期间的科学应用

Scientific Application of HRV and TRIMP During Moderate Altitude Training in Middle-distance Runners

Received:February 27, 2024

DOI：10.12064/ssr.2024022701

英文关键词:subalpine middle-distance running TRIMP HRV

基金项目:宁夏师范大学本科教学项目资助（NJYZYGGK2418）；宁夏自然科学基金项目资助（2023AAC03349）

Author Name	Affiliation
DU Weiping	School of Sports, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756099 , China
GUO Zhizhe	School of Sports, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756099 , China
CHEN Peng	School of Sports, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756099 , China
ZHOU Jianhua	School of Sports, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756099 , China
HAN Songnian	School of Sports, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756099 , China

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中文摘要:

探究自主神经对亚高原环境和运动负荷的适应。方法：以13名中长跑运动员为研究对象，在海拔1 770 m的亚高原进行6周训练，应用训练冲量（TRIMP）监控运动负荷，并检测训练期间的心率变异性（HRV）指标。结果：①与第1周相比，TRIMP值在亚高原第4周、第6周显著性上升（P＜0.01）。②HRV指标与基线数据相比，R-R间期标准差（SDNN）、相邻R-R间期差的均方根（RMSSD）在亚高原第1周显著性下降（P＜0.05），低频输出功率的均值（LF）、低频输出功率的均值/高频输出功率的均值（LF/HF）显著性上升，（P＜0.05）；与第1周相比：RMSSD在第3周显著性上升（P＜0.01），LF在第3周显著性下降（P＜0.01），LF/HF在第3周、第6周显著性下降（P＜0.05）；与第3周相比较：RMSSD、高频输出功率的均值（HF）在第4周显著性下降（P＜0.05）；LF/HF在第4周显著性上升（P＜0.05）；与第4周相比：HF在第6周显著性上升，（P＜0.01），LF/HF在第6周显著性下降（P＜0.01），SD2在6周亚高原训练期间的变化无统计学意义。结论：亚高原训练初期，运动员的交感神经活性增强，造成自主神经失衡，但在2周后有所改善；中期增加运动负荷并进行调整性恢复，迷走神经活性会有明显增强，有助于更好应对运动负荷。

英文摘要:

To investigate autonomic adaptation to subalpine environment and exercise load. Methods: Thirteen middle-distance runners were studied and trained for 6 weeks in a subalpine plateau at an altitude of 1,770 m. TRIMP was applied to monitor the exercise load and to detect HRV indexes during the training period. Results: ① Compared with week 1, TRIMP values increased significantly at week 4 and week 6 in the subalpine (P＜0.01); ② Compared with baseline data, HRV indexes showed a significant decrease in SDNN and RMSSD at week 1 in the subalpine (P＜0.05); and LF and LF/HF increased significantly at week 1 (P＜0.05); compared with week 1: RMSSD increased significantly in week 3 (P＜0.01), LF decreased significantly in week 3 (P＜0.01), LF/HF decreased significantly in weeks 3 and 6 (P＜0.05); compared to week 3: RMSSD, HF decreased significantly in week 4, (P＜0.05); LF/HF increased significantly in week 4 (P＜0.05); compared to week 4: HF significantly increased at week 6 (P＜0.01), LF/HF significantly decreased at week 6 (P＜0.01), and SD2 changes during the 6-week subaltern training period are not statistically significant. Conclusion: In the initial phase of sub-plateau training, athletes experience an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity, leading to autonomic nervous system imbalance; however, this improves after two weeks. During the mid-phase, increasing exercise load and implementing adaptive recovery significantly enhances vagus nerve activity, which helps better cope with exercise demands.

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